القواعد التسعة المنطقية Nine Rules of Logic

القواعد التسعة المنطقية Nine Rules of Logic

Rule #1: modus ponens

1. P implies Q
2. P
_____________
3. Q

Rule #2: modus tollens

1. P implies Q
2. Not Q
_____________
3. Not P

Rule #3: Hypothetical Syllogism

1. P implies Q
2. Q implies R
_____________
3. P implies R

Rule #4: Conjunction

1. P
2. Q
_____________
3. P & Q

Rule #5: Simplification

1. P & Q 1. P & Q
_____________ _______________
2. P 2. Q

Rule #6: Absorption

1. P implies Q
_____________
2. P implies (P & Q)

Rule #7: Addition

1. P
_____________
2. P or Q

Rule #8: Disjunctive Syllogism

1. P or Q 1. P or Q
2. Not P 2. Not Q
_____________ ________________
3. Q 3. P

Rule #9: Constructive Dilemma

1. (P implies Q) & (R implies S)
2. P or R
_____________
3. Q or S

المرجع

Craig, William Lane. Moreland, J.P. Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview. Pages 30-39.